How to Verify Findings and Analyze Patterns
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Verify the facts that matter before interpreting the dataset. Preserve the source version and cleaning decisions, calculate explicit segments, and keep uncertainty attached to the claim it limits.
Developing
Start here. Build the foundation.- 1
Before analysis, freeze the source version and mark facts that could change the conclusion. Seek independent corroboration and trace each source to its origin; two summaries of one announcement are still one underlying source.
- 2
Before counting, inspect duplicate subjects using stable identifiers and correct implausible values from source records. Preserve merge and correction reasons and reconcile the final subject count with the frozen version.
Proficient
Build consistency and rhythm.- 3
Once the records are clean, group them by dimensions relevant to the question. Keep field definitions, filters, and counts beside each segment, then inspect group differences and outliers before naming a pattern.
- 4
When writing a conclusion, state only what the evidence supports and put sample limits or unresolved source problems beside it. Lower confidence when decisive corroboration is unavailable rather than presenting speculation as a finding.
Mastered
Operate at the highest level.- 5
Before publication, save segment definitions, calculations, filters, and the source-version reference. Ask a teammate to reproduce one result and resolve differences so the same method can run on updated data.
Common Pitfalls
Avoid the common failure modes.- Using one convenient source for the conclusion. Seek independent support or state the limitation and lower confidence.
- Counting the same subject twice. Merge duplicates while preserving the citation trail.
- Naming a segment without a defining count. State its fields, filters, and population.
- Writing a hunch as a verified finding. Attach evidence and limits or frame it as a question for further research.
- Keeping calculations implicit. Document them and have another person reproduce a result.